Infection occurs in wild and domestic pigs, including wild. Rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a. Classical importance swine fever hog cholera, swine fever, european swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, virusschweinepest last updated. In fact, asf was even thought to be caused by the same virus as csf before. Pdf the principles of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and immunology of classical swine fever as. Classical swine fever virus csfv and pseudorabies virus prv are two of the most significant trade. Both diseases only affect pigs and are exotic to australia. Cstrain vaccination is one of the most effective ways to contain this disease. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural host is associated with a dramatic depletion preferentially of b lymphocytes in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues. Pdf classical swine fever virus c strain distribution in. In 19971998, an outbreak in the netherlands spread to involve more. Classical swine fever csf causes major losses in pig farming, with various degrees of disease severity. Classical swine fever an overview sciencedirect topics.
The viral disease classical swine fever csf, caused by a pestivirus, is one of the major causes of economic losses for pig farming. Identification of emerging swine viruses what to do with them. For the global pig industry, classical csf and african swine fever asf outbreaks are a constantly feared threat. Herdchek classical swine fever virus csfv antigen test kitserum creating a userdefined assay is an easy process of two tasksediting an xchek file to allow you to create an assay, and then creating. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs. From the task bar, choose start run, and then type i into the text box. However, it is impossible to serologically differentiate mlv vaccinated pigs from those infected with csf virus csfv. The e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a. Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions, splenic infarctions and usually particularly in young animals. Classical swine fever in the latest edition of the oie manual of diagnostic tests. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one. The individual outcome depends on the age of the infected animal and the virulence of the virus and can range from fatal to subclinical. It belongs to the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, where only one serotype has been classified, but multiple strains exist which vary in. Classical swine fever the center for food security and public.
It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural. Comparison of six rna extraction methods for the detection of. Hog cholera, also known as classical or european swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus pestivirus. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family. Classical swine fever virus csfv, the causative agent of. Classical swine fever is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide and has tremendous socioeconomic impact. Anonymous, 2002, and the oie manual of diagnostic tests and. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, which is closely related to the viruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle and border disease in sheep. The disease is still present in many countries, so there is a risk that it could become. The only way to distinguish reliably between classical swine fever and asf is by identifying the virus. Classical swine fever virus c strain distribution in organ samples of inoculated piglets. Virus organization and replication classical swine fever virus csfv belongs to the genus pestivirus within the flaviviridae family 1. The genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, includes genetically related species recognised as important pathogens.
Restin encephalomyocarditis virus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus hepatitis e. We are advising the public that a risk analysis has been prepared by the animal plant health inspection service aphis relative to the risk of introducing classical swine fever virus in swine and swine products imported from france and spain. Since 2014, sporadic csf outbreaks have been occurring in some cstrain vaccinated provinces of china. In this study, we focused on the signalling pathways of tolllike receptors. The virus survives some curing processes as well as in frozen pork for months to years, and in chilled meats for months. In 20142015, the epidemic of classical swine fever csf occurred in many largescale pig farms in different provinces of china, and a subgenotype 2. Except for sardinia, asf was eradicated in europe in the late 1990s, which led to a research focus on csf because this disease continued to be present. Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect.
Pdf classical swine fever virus in cattle researchgate. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one serotype divided into three major genotypes, including numerous subgenotypes. Classical swine fever virus csfv infects pigs and wild boar. Genetic diversity and positive selection analysis of. Pdf on jul 27, 2017, massimo giangaspero and others published classical swine fever virus in cattle find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a portable. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used routinely in endemic countries. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, which is closely. Classical swine fever virus csfv is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv, see bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex of cattle and to border disease virus bdv, see border disease of sheep. The assay, which was classical swine fever virus rnaspecific, was compared with other methods for detection of this virus, including various rtpcr configurations, virus isolation and elisa. Similar names suggest similar disease characteristics for african and classical swine fever asf and csf. Classical swine fever virus csfv is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv, see bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex of cattle and to border.
Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year. Usda aphis classical swine fever standard operating procedure. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease of pigs that tremendously affects the swine industry. Classical swine fever virus csfv is a lipidenveloped.
Overview of classical swine fever generalized conditions. North america is also at risk for the reintroduction of classical classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease of pigs. Mir140 inhibits classical swine fever virus replication. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated swine.
Intermittent csf outbreaks in europe and other parts of the world result in significant economic losses. Genetic variability and distribution of classical swine. Classical swine fever csf, otherwise known as hog cholera hc or just swine fever, is a specific viral disease of pigs. Classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped singlestranded rna virus of positive polarity in the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus.
Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the. The aim of this study is to develop a onedose e2subunit vaccine. Classical swine fever should not be confused with swine flu which is a. Classical swine fever csf is one of the diseases notifiable to the world organization for animal health and represents one of the leading world. This risk analysis is a supplement to a risk analysis. Csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus mlv vaccines to prevent. However, asf remerged in eastern europe in 2007 and the interest in the disease, its control and epidemiology increased. We are advising the public that a risk analysis has been prepared by the animal plant health inspection service aphis relative to the risk of introducing classical swine fever virus in swine and swine. These viruses are highly prevalent in bovine and ovine populations and can infect pigs. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom strain. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used. Characterisation of newly emerged isolates of classical swine. Introduction the classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped rna virus belonging to the family of flaviviridae, genus pestivirus 32.
In most national csf eradication programmes and in countries which are free of the csf virus, vaccination against csf is not practised. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine, affecting domestic and wild pig populations. Disease control strategy for african and classical swine. People are not affected by african swine fever or classical swine fever. Classical swine fever csf is a contagious febrile disease of pigs that is associated with high lethality. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical.
Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. Classical swine fever is highly contagious and infection spreads rapidly by direct or indirect contact between infected and susceptible pigs. The aim of this work was to validate a rtqpcr using taqman. Classical swine fever virus csfv, the causative agent of csf, is a member of the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family. Highly contagious, viral disease of pigs that is usually fatal. We currently maintain contracts with biologics manufacturers that hold our csf vaccine as a contingency to address an outbreak of this disease anywhere in the country. The virus is inactivated by 2% sodium hydroxide or by lipid solvents. Csfv causes serious losses in the pig industry since it is highly contagious and pathogenic, and can cause widespread deaths.
Characterisation of newly emerged isolates of classical. The oie manual recognizes a myriad of assays as acceptable means. Enzootic classical swine fever causes severe direct economic losses, and substantial costs are required to maintain. Viruses free fulltext classical swine feveran updated. Csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus mlv vaccines to prevent and control csf. Classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus. Stability of classical swine fever virus and pseudorabies. The symptoms of classical swine fever vary with the. The causative agent is csf virus, a small, enveloped rna virus of the genus pestivirus. Comparison of six rna extraction methods for the detection. Efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine in classical swine.
Classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine. Classical swine fever csf is one of the diseases notifiable to the world organization for. Current knowledge indicates that experimental infections without. Classical swine fever virus csfv is an important member of pestivirus genus within the flaviviridae family 1. There is only one serotype with minor antigenic variants. Pdf tropical animal health and production prevalence of. One of the vaccines nvs provides is the classical swine fever csf virus vaccine. Classical swine fever still a threat classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine. Classical swine fever csf is caused by csf virus csfv which can. Classical swine fever national invasive species information. Postmortem lesions that have been used to distinguish between the two diseases, such as ulcers in. Pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are. Today, only 17 other regions are free of csf, 9 of which are in mexico.
Until today csf remains a lingering problem in many parts of the world where it has both, an economic impact on swine production and a constraining effect on trade 23. Classical swine fever csf remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide. The disease is similar to classical swine fever, but is caused by a different virus. Pdf classical swine fever virus detection researchgate. Csf is probably the most important transmissible disease of pigs and it is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the flaviviridae family within the pestivirus genus. A species profile for classical swine fever csf, hog cholera.
Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs, sporadic outbreaks continue to occur in most major pigproducing countries, and classical swine fever is endemic to some countries in asia. Herdchek classical swine fever virus csfv antigen test kitserum creating a userdefined assay is an easy process of two tasksediting an xchek file to allow you to create an assay, and then creating the assay within xchek. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease that affects domestic and wild pigs worldwide. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera also sometimes called pig plague based on the german word schweinepest is a highly contagious disease of swine old world and new world pigs. The causative agent of the disease is classical swine fever virus csfv, which belongs to. Classical swine fever virus in cattle article pdf available in the veterinary record 18. African swine fever asf and classical swine fever csf 1. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine and is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. Besides high fever, the disease is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical signs. The development of and antigenicbased vaccines for the treatment of classical swine fever virus csfv is considered vital as this is a highly contagious disease that causes significant economic losses. Pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are protected. Csfv has a close antigenic relationship with bovine viral diarrhoea virus bvdv and border disease virus bdv of sheep.
Classical swine fever virus the pirbright institute. Csfv is closely related to pestiviruses found in ruminants, and some of the latter viruses can cause serological reactions in pigs that may be. Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom. Classical swine fever virus csfv, bovine viral diarrhoea virus bvdv, and border disease virus bdv are the 3 members of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year effort by the industry and state and federal governments. The disease is still present in many countries, so there is a risk that it could become established in this country once again. Classical swine fever virus in cattle veterinary record. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated. Flaviviridae, which is closely related to the viruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle and border. Except for classical swine fever virus csfv, there is a consensus that pestiviruses have.
Classical swine fever virus porcine parainfluenza 1 virus african swine fever virus atypical swine pestivirus pseudorabies virus influenza c virus influenza a virus porcine respiratory coronavirus nipah virus hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus ebola. A comparison of the impact of shimen and c strains of. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine and is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the genus pestivirus of the family. Other members of this genus are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 bvdv1 and 2, border disease virus bdv and a growing number of unclassi.
Mir140 inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by. Classification of the causative agent resistance to physical. This study investigated the prevalence of african swine fever virus asfv and classical swine fever virus csfv antibodies in pigs in benue state, nigeria. Classical swine fever hog cholera iowa state university. Csf inactivation in meat this document provides the current scientific knowledge of the level of persistence of the csf virus in a variety of meat products, including hams and sausages. It is a notifiable disease in most countries of the world. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious virus that causes an often fatal disease in pigs and wild boar.
Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine fever. Classical swine fever virus csfv causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs worldwide. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence. Csfv is generally considered to be restricted to domestic and wild suids. Except for classical swine fever virus csfv, there is a consensus that pestiviruses have the capacity to cross the species barrier. Other members of this genus are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2. Pdf classical swine fever virus c strain distribution.
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